Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Clinical Review

Authors

Joshua Bahos Silva, University of LynchburgFollow

Specialty

Emergency Medicine

Advisor

Tom Colletti

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is a spectrum of hepatic steatosis that can involve inflammatory changes within the liver, and it can be found on imaging coupled with an absence of secondary causes such as significant alcohol consumption, medication use, and hereditary causes.¹ This disease can range from nonalcoholic fatty liver to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma.^1,2 NAFLD has become increasingly common worldwide as obesity rates, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy diets have risen.^1,2 As the fat continues to accumulate in the liver, inflammatory mediators accrue in the tissue leading to extensive damage.^1–4 This can progress to fulminant liver failure where the only treatment may be a liver transplant. NAFLD is primarily treated with lifestyle modifications and the management of contributing comorbidities.^2,3,5 Although there are no current approved drugs for this disorder, studies that are currently underway may reveal some benefit for certain medications.³ Given the high prevalence of NAFLD in our society, a current understanding of the pathophysiology, presentation, and treatment should be described to aid healthcare providers.

Recommended Citation

Bahos Silva J. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): A Clinical Review. University of Lynchburg DMSc Doctoral Project Assignment Repository. 2022; 4(3).