Reevaluating Albuterol in Pediatric Bronchiolitis: A Review of Evidence and Guidelines

Authors

DeAsia Henderson, University of LynchburgFollow

Specialty

Pediatrics

Abstract

This review assesses the efficacy of albuterol in managing pediatric bronchiolitis and its role in evidence-based practice. A structured literature search was conducted for studies using the terms albuterol, bronchiolitis, RSV, and pediatrics. Eligible studies included systematic reviews, multicenter cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and retrospective analyses. Seven peer-reviewed studies were identified, including a meta-analysis of 30 randomized controlled trials and multicenter cohort data from 1,016 infants. Across these investigations, albuterol demonstrated no clinically significant improvements in oxygen saturation, hospitalization rates, duration of hospitalization, or resolution of illness. Retrospective data further suggested potential harm, including prolonged oxygen use and extended length of stay. Despite the lack of therapeutic benefit, albuterol remains widely prescribed in the management of bronchiolitis, with reported utilization rates as high as 84% before admission. The evidence therefore supports the conclusion that albuterol provides little to no clinical value in bronchiolitis and may contribute to unnecessary interventions. Current guidelines recommend supportive care as the standard of treatment. Reducing reliance on albuterol will require ongoing clinician education, strict adherence to evidence-based guidelines, and further research into the potential risks associated with unnecessary pharmacologic therapy.

Recommended Citation

Henderson D. Reevaluating Albuterol in Pediatric Bronchiolitis: A Review of Evidence and Guidelines. University of Lynchburg DMSc Doctoral Project Assignment Repository. 2025; 7(3).