Evaluating the Use of Incretin-Based Therapies in Athletes With Overweight or Obesity

Authors

• Ryan C. Roe, University of LynchburgFollow

Specialty

Sports Medicine

Advisor

Debra S. Munsell, DHSc, PA-C, DFAAPA

Abstract

Incretin-based medications have greatly changed the ways clinicians manage patients living with obesity or overweight and related comorbidities. Their application in patients with high physical demands, such as athletes, remains underdiscussed. This manuscript explores glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), including liraglutide, semaglutide, and the dual-receptor glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 RA tirzepatide, with specific attention to their risks, benefits, and special considerations for prescribing them to athletes. While research demonstrates that these medications offer many benefits, including reductions in adipose tissue, hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, and lipid levels, they also present sport-specific risks. This manuscript discusses risks and adverse effects that are critical to athletic performance, including gastrointestinal distress, psychological stressors, the potential for abuse, the development of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S), and loss of lean mass. Because there is a current lack of long-term, athlete-specific clinical trials, mitigating these risks requires highly specialized care from a comprehensive sports medicine team. Further research and the development of standardized clinical guidelines are necessary to ensure the safe, effective, and patient-centered use of incretin-based therapies in athletes.

Recommended Citation

Roe RC. Evaluating the Use of Incretin-Based Therapies in Athletes With Overweight or Obesity. University of Lynchburg DMSc Doctoral Project Assignment Repository. 2026; 8(1).