Early Identification of Sepsis in Emergency Department Using Clinical Scoring Tools

Authors

• Lexie L. Lima, University of LynchburgFollow

Specialty

Emergency Medicine

Advisor

Dr. Sarah Bolander

Abstract

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition requiring rapid identification and treatment to reduce morbidity and mortality. Because emergency departments frequently serve as the first point of contact, early recognition is critical to timely antibiotic administration and fluid resuscitation. Although clinical judgment remains central to diagnosis, reliance solely on subjective assessment frequently leads to missed or delayed diagnoses. By measuring vital signs and physiological changes, clinical scoring systems such as SIRS, qSOFA, MEWs, NEWS, and NEWS2 have been developed to enhance early detection. The comparative efficacy of these instruments in adult emergency departments and critical care populations is assessed in this review. Research shows that by offering a balanced combination of sensitivity and specificity, NEWS2 consistently outperforms alternative scoring systems, enabling the prompt identification of patients who are deteriorating.^6,8,14,15,16 SIRS frequently flags non-septic patients, limiting its clinical utility by diverting focus from truly septic patients, whereas qSOFA demonstrates high specificity but low sensitivity.^1,4,9 Combining objective scoring systems with provider evaluation increases early recognition, facilitates faster treatment initiation, and improves workflow efficiency.^5,11,13

These findings support the use of NEWS2 or hybrid approaches that maximize patient outcomes by integrating clinical judgment with standardized assessment. Future research should explore how early warning systems may be enhanced through artificial intelligence and real-time physiological monitoring. Overall, a successful sepsis therapy in high-acuity settings requires a well-rounded strategy that blends clinician expertise with technology.

Recommended Citation

Lima LL. Early Identification of Sepsis in Emergency Department Using Clinical Scoring Tools. University of Lynchburg DMSc Doctoral Project Assignment Repository. 2026; 8(1).