The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Interpretation of Imaging, Decision Support, and Ultrasound-Assisted Procedures in Expeditionary Military Medicine: A Literature Review

Authors

• Kirsten Anders, University of LynchburgFollow

Specialty

Primary Care

Abstract

This literature review assesses whether artificial intelligence (AI) can enhance diagnostic accuracy, timeliness, and decision-making for military clinicians in expeditionary medicine. In austere environments characterized by contested airspace and near-peer adversaries, optimizing resource utilization and timely decision-making is vital to maximizing patient survival. A comprehensive literature search using PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest Central, and the Military Database identified 17 substantiating studies evaluating the clinical integration of AI for diagnostic imaging interpretation, triage support, patient monitoring, and ultrasound (US)-guided procedures. Findings demonstrate that: (1) AI interpretation of plain films for musculoskeletal trauma and thoracic imaging matches or exceeds human clinician accuracy; (2) AI interpretation of computed tomography (CT) scans improves detection of subtle, nuanced cases of intracranial hemorrhage and cervical spine fractures, though it is not recommended as a stand-alone tool for diagnosis; (3) AI triage algorithms consistently improve patient severity stratification and accurately predicted need for transfusion or major surgery in truncal and junctional gunshot wound casualties; (4) Continuous monitoring with AI is a feasible solution for tracking patients in mass-casualty incidents and medical evacuations; and (5) AI-assisted US-guided procedures improved imaging quality, procedural accuracy, and skill confidence, but did not reduce operational time. In essence, AI is a powerful augmenting tool that offers military clinicians and medical extenders a tactical edge in optimization of workflow and decision-making. Future  operational testing in role 1 and role 2 facilities remains an essential next step for a force-wide implementation strategy.

Recommended Citation

Anders K. The Use of Artificial Intelligence for Interpretation of Imaging, Decision Support, and Ultrasound-Assisted Procedures in Expeditionary Military Medicine: A Literature Review. University of Lynchburg Doctoral Project Assignment Repository. 2026; 8(2).