Tetralogy of Fallot: A Clinical Review

Student Author Information

Jacob Wooten, University of LynchburgFollow
Joshua Bahos Silva, University of LynchburgFollow

Location

Virtual Recording

Access Type

Open Access

Entry Number

16

Start Date

4-8-2020 12:00 PM

End Date

4-8-2020 1:15 PM

Department

Physician Assistant

Abstract

Tetralogy of Fallot is a congenital heart disease that is associated with structural abnormalities during fetal development 1. The incidence of Tetralogy of Fallot in the United States is approximately 3-5 cases per 10,000 live births and is considered one of the most common cyanotic congenital heart diseases 2. The exact etiology of Tetralogy of Fallot is unknown, however it is thought to be associated with untreated maternal diabetes, maternal use of retinoids, as well as chromosomal abnormalities 2. The main components of this disease state include a right ventricular outflow obstruction, interventricular communication in the form of a ventricular septal defect, displacement of the aorta to the right side of the heart and right ventricular hypertrophy 1. Clinical manifestations often depend on severity of the disease, but can include cyanotic episodes, dyspnea, fatigability, syncope, and abnormal heart sounds 3,4. Treatment is based on the severity of the cyanotic episodes and management of symptoms 3,4,5. Surgical intervention is the definitive treatment, and the procedures conducted will vary based on each patient 4,5.

Key Words: Cardiology, Pediatrics, Surgery, Tetralogy of Fallot, Congenital heart disease, Structural abnormality, Cyanosis, Obstruction.

References: Doyle, T., Kavanaugh-McHugh, A. Pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot. UpToDate.

Diaz-Frias J, Guillaume M. Tetralogy of Fallot. [Updated 2019 Oct 14]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020

Tetralogy of Fallot. In: Papadakis MA, McPhee SJ, Bernstein J. eds. Quick Medical Diagnosis & Treatment 2020 New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; .

DynaMed [Internet]. Ipswich (MA): EBSCO Information Services. 1995 - . Record No. T115349, Tetralogy of Fallot in Infants and Children; [updated 2018 Nov 30, cited Feb 21 2020]. Dynamed.

Jone P, Von Alvensleben J, Burkett D, Darst JR, Collins KK, Miyamoto SD. Cardiovascular Diseases. In: Hay, Jr. WW, Levin MJ, Deterding RR, Abzug MJ. eds.Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Pediatrics, 24e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; .

Faculty Mentor(s)

Dr. Melissa Shaffron

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